| "Physiological, social, and behavioral consequences" |
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Results demonstrated that crowding had physiological, behavioral and social consequences for the children studied. Across all grade levels, males in particular were more affected by short-term crowding, displaying the highest elevations in stress-related arousal. Following exposure to the crowding conditions, children were more competitive, despite the fact that they had all to gain from cooperating and nothing to lose. Furthermore, children reported having felt crowded, tense, annoyed, and uncomfortable as a function of the close physical proximity to others. |
crowding stress adolescents children psychology overpopulation |
